refactor + wip bios call from protected mode

boot0.s

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 ; --------------------------------------------------------------------
 ; R | 0x000000 - 0x000400: real-mode interrupt vector table
 ; R | 0x000400 - 0x000500: bios data area
-; U | 0x000500 - 0x004000: stack
+; U | 0x000500 - 0x004000: main stack
 ; U | 0x004000 - 0x006a00: globals
 ; U | 0x006a00 - 0x007c00: memory map
 ; U | 0x007c00 - 0x007e00: boot sector

boot1/asm/bios_call.s

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+%include "defines.s"
+
+extern gdt_flat_slice
+extern gdt_flat
+extern GDT_FLAT_IDX_CODE_32
+extern GDT_FLAT_IDX_CODE_16
+extern GDT_FLAT_IDX_DATA
+
+
+section .text
+
+[bits 32]
+
+; FIXME: use a separate stack for real mode
+bios_call:
+  .PARAMS_START             equ 36
+  .PARAM_BIOS_INTR_NUM      equ .PARAMS_START
+  .PARAM_BIOS_INTR_ARGS_PTR equ .PARAMS_START + 4
+
+  pushad
+  mov ebp, esp
+  push ds
+  push es
+  push fs
+  push gs
+  push ss
+
+  ; Push cr0, the GDT and the IDT to the stack so we can restore them once we're finished with real mode.
+  mov eax, cr0
+  push eax
+  sub esp, 8
+  sidt [esp]
+  sub esp, 8
+  sgdt [esp]
+
+  ; Load the address of the `int` instruction we want to run, and store it on the stack for later.
+  mov eax, [ebp + .PARAM_BIOS_INTR_NUM]
+  lea eax, [int_fns + (3 * eax)]
+  push eax
+
+  ; Copy the BIOS call arguments provided by the caller onto the stack, for us to pop later.
+  sub esp, 28
+  mov ecx, 28
+  mov esi, [ebp + .PARAM_BIOS_INTR_ARGS_PTR]
+  mov edi, esp
+  rep movsb
+
+  ; Switch to a 16-bit code segment, but remain in protected mode.
+  jmp GDT_FLAT_IDX_CODE_16:.protected_mode_16
+
+[bits 16]
+.protected_mode_16:
+
+  ; Disable paging and protected mode.
+  mov eax, cr0
+  and eax, 0x7ffffffe
+  mov cr0, eax
+
+  jmp 0:.real_mode
+
+.real_mode:
+  
+  xor ax, ax
+  mov ds, ax
+  mov es, ax
+  mov fs, ax
+  mov gs, ax
+  mov ss, ax
+
+  ; Load the caller-provided register values off the stack.
+  pop eax
+  pop ebx
+  pop ecx
+  pop edx
+  pop esi
+  pop edi
+  pop ds
+  pop es
+
+  ; Call the function which runs the correct `int` instruction.
+  push bp
+  mov bp, sp
+  call [bp + 2]
+  pop bp
+
+  ; TODO: return resulting registers to the caller
+
+  ; Reset the segment registers that were changed to the caller-provided values.
+  xor ax, ax
+  mov ds, ax
+  mov es, ax
+
+  ; Reload the GDT in case the BIOS call changed it.
+  mov bx, sp
+  lgdt [bx]
+  add sp, 8
+
+  mov bx, sp
+  lidt [bx]
+  add sp, 8
+
+  ; Restore cr0, re-enabling protected mode.
+  pop eax
+  mov cr0, eax
+
+  jmp GDT_FLAT_IDX_CODE_32:.protected_mode_32
+
+[bits 32]
+.protected_mode_32:
+
+  pop ss
+  pop gs
+  pop fs
+  pop es
+  pop ds
+  popad
+  ret
+
+global bios_call
+
+
+%macro int_fn 1
+  int %1
+  ret
+%endmacro
+
+
+int_fns:
+  int_fn 0x00
+  int_fn 0x01
+  int_fn 0x02
+  int_fn 0x03
+  int_fn 0x04
+  int_fn 0x05
+  int_fn 0x06
+  int_fn 0x07
+  int_fn 0x08
+  int_fn 0x09
+  int_fn 0x0a
+  int_fn 0x0b
+  int_fn 0x0c
+  int_fn 0x0d
+  int_fn 0x0e
+  int_fn 0x0f
+  int_fn 0x10
+  int_fn 0x11
+  int_fn 0x12
+  int_fn 0x13
+  int_fn 0x14
+  int_fn 0x15
+  int_fn 0x16
+  int_fn 0x17
+  int_fn 0x18
+  int_fn 0x19
+  int_fn 0x1a
+  int_fn 0x1b
+  int_fn 0x1c
+  int_fn 0x1d
+  int_fn 0x1e
+  int_fn 0x1f
+
+
+section .rodata
+
+idt_real:
+  dw 0x3ff
+  dd 0
+
+

boot1/asm/gdt.s

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+section .rodata
+
+gdt_flat_slice:
+  dw GDT_FLAT_LEN
+  dd gdt_flat
+
+global gdt_flat_slice
+
+; Segment descriptor layout
+; | Range (bits) | Field         |
+; |--------------|---------------|
+; |         0-16 | limit         |
+; |        16-32 | base          |
+; |        32-40 | base cont.    |
+; |        40-48 | access        |
+; |        48-52 | limit cont.   |
+; |        52-56 | flags         |
+; |        56-64 | base cont.    |
+;
+; Flags
+; - 0: reserved
+; - 1: long-mode code segment
+; - 2: size
+;   - unset: 16-bit
+;   - set: 32-bit
+; - 3: granularity
+;   - unset: limit is measured in bytes
+;   - set: limit is measured in 4KiB pages
+;
+; Access
+; - 0: accessed
+;   - unset: CPU will set it when the segment is accessed
+; - 1: readable / writable
+;   - data segments: is segment writable (data segments are always readable)
+;   - code segments: is segment readable (code segments are never writable)
+; - 2: direction / conforming
+;   - data segments: whether segment grows down
+;   - code segments: whether this can be executed from a lower-privilege ring
+; - 3: executable
+;   - unset: this is a data segment
+;   - set: this is a code segment
+; - 4: descriptor type
+;   - unset: this is a task state segment
+;   - set: this is a data or code segment
+; - 5-6: privilege level (ring number)
+; - 7: present (must be set)
+;
+align 8
+gdt_flat:
+  ; First GDT entry must be 0.
+  dq 0
+
+; 32-bit code segment.
+; Bytes 0x0000 - 0xffff.
+.segment_code_32:
+  db 0xff, 0xff, \
+     0x00, 0x00, \
+     0x00,       \
+     10011011b,  \
+     01000000b,  \
+     0x00
+
+; 16-bit code segment, to use if we want to switch back to real mode.
+; Bytes 0x0000 - 0xffff.
+.segment_code_16:
+  db 0xff, 0xff, \
+     0x00, 0x00, \
+     0x00,       \
+     10011011b,  \
+     00000000b,  \
+     0x00
+
+; Data segment.
+; Pages 0x000000 - 0x0fffff, which covers the entire 32-bit address space (start of 0xfffff-th page
+; is 0xfffff * 4096 = 0xfffff000, end of page exclusive is 0xfffff000 + 4096 = 0x100000000).
+.segment_data:
+  db 0xff, 0xff, \
+     0x00, 0x00, \
+     0x00,       \
+     10010011b,  \
+     11001111b,  \
+     0x00
+
+global gdt_flat
+
+GDT_FLAT_LEN equ ($ - gdt_flat)
+
+GDT_FLAT_IDX_CODE_32 equ (gdt_flat.segment_code_32 - gdt_flat)
+global GDT_FLAT_IDX_CODE_32
+
+GDT_FLAT_IDX_CODE_16 equ (gdt_flat.segment_code_16 - gdt_flat)
+global GDT_FLAT_IDX_CODE_16
+
+GDT_FLAT_IDX_DATA equ (gdt_flat.segment_data - gdt_flat)
+global GDT_FLAT_IDX_DATA

boot1/asm/prelude.s

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 %include "defines.s"
+%include "ps2.s"
 
 [bits 16]
 
@@ -7,6 +8,12 @@ extern boot1_bin_sectors
 extern boot1_magic
 extern _start
 
+extern gdt_flat_slice
+extern gdt_flat
+extern GDT_FLAT_IDX_CODE_32
+extern GDT_FLAT_IDX_CODE_16
+extern GDT_FLAT_IDX_DATA
+
 section .prelude
 
 %macro copy_stack_var_to_globals 2
@@ -335,22 +342,22 @@ prelude_main:
   cli
 
   ; Load our flat-address-space GDT.
-  lgdt [flat_gdt_slice]
+  lgdt [gdt_flat_slice]
 
   ; Set the protected-mode bit in cr0.
   mov eax, cr0
   or al, 0x01
   mov cr0, eax
 
-  ; Long jump to set the code segment to flat_gdt.segment_code, and to clear the instruction
+  ; Long jump to set the code segment to gdt_flat.segment_code, and to clear the instruction
   ; pipeline.
-  jmp (flat_gdt.segment_code_32 - flat_gdt):.protected_mode
+  jmp GDT_FLAT_IDX_CODE_32:.protected_mode_32
 
 [bits 32]
-.protected_mode:
+.protected_mode_32:
 
-  ; Set the data segments to flat_gdt.segment_data.
+  ; Set the data segments to gdt_flat.segment_data.
-  mov eax, (flat_gdt.segment_data - flat_gdt)
+  mov eax, GDT_FLAT_IDX_DATA
   mov ds, eax
   mov es, eax
   mov fs, eax
@@ -363,87 +370,3 @@ prelude_main:
 
   jmp _start
   jmp panic_simple
-
-
-section .data
-flat_gdt_slice:
-  dw FLAT_GDT_LEN
-  dd flat_gdt
-
-; Segment descriptor layout
-; | Range (bits) | Field         |
-; |--------------|---------------|
-; |         0-16 | limit         |
-; |        16-32 | base          |
-; |        32-40 | base cont.    |
-; |        40-48 | access        |
-; |        48-52 | limit cont.   |
-; |        52-56 | flags         |
-; |        56-64 | base cont.    |
-;
-; Flags
-; - 0: reserved
-; - 1: long-mode code segment
-; - 2: size
-;   - unset: 16-bit
-;   - set: 32-bit
-; - 3: granularity
-;   - unset: limit is measured in bytes
-;   - set: limit is measured in 4KiB pages
-;
-; Access
-; - 0: accessed
-;   - unset: CPU will set it when the segment is accessed
-; - 1: readable / writable
-;   - data segments: is segment writable (data segments are always readable)
-;   - code segments: is segment readable (code segments are never writable)
-; - 2: direction / conforming
-;   - data segments: whether segment grows down
-;   - code segments: whether this can be executed from a lower-privilege ring
-; - 3: executable
-;   - unset: this is a data segment
-;   - set: this is a code segment
-; - 4: descriptor type
-;   - unset: this is a task state segment
-;   - set: this is a data or code segment
-; - 5-6: privilege level (ring number)
-; - 7: present (must be set)
-;
-align 8
-flat_gdt:
-; First GDT entry must be 0.
-.segment_null:
-  dq 0
-
-; 32-bit code segment.
-; Bytes 0x0000 - 0xffff.
-.segment_code_32:
-  db 0xff, 0xff, \
-     0x00, 0x00, \
-     0x00,       \
-     10011011b,  \
-     01000000b,  \
-     0x00
-
-; 16-bit code segment, to use if we want to switch back to real mode.
-; Bytes 0x0000 - 0xffff.
-.segment_code_16:
-  db 0xff, 0xff, \
-     0x00, 0x00, \
-     0x00,       \
-     10011011b,  \
-     00000000b,  \
-     0x00
-
-; Data segment.
-; Pages 0x000000 - 0x0fffff, which covers the entire 32-bit address space (start of 0xfffff-th page
-; is 0xfffff * 4096 = 0xfffff000, end of page exclusive is 0xfffff000 + 4096 = 0x100000000).
-.segment_data:
-  db 0xff, 0xff, \
-     0x00, 0x00, \
-     0x00,       \
-     10010011b,  \
-     11001111b,  \
-     0x00
-
-  FLAT_GDT_LEN equ ($ - flat_gdt)

boot1/build.rs

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ fn main() {
     .expect("OUT_DIR not set");
   let out_dir = PathBuf::from(out_dir);
 
-  let path = SearchPath::load();
+  let search_path = SearchPath::load();
   
-  let nasm_path = path.search("nasm")
+  let nasm_path = search_path.search("nasm")
     .next()
     .expect("failed to find nasm in PATH");
   let nasm = Nasm::new(nasm_path);
@@ -38,13 +38,42 @@ fn link_obj(path: &Path) {
 }
 
 fn build_asm(nasm: &Nasm, out_dir: &Path) {
-  let prelude_obj_path = out_dir.join("prelude.o");
+  let asm_srcs = fs::read_dir("asm")
+    .expect("failed to get asm sources");
+
+  for asm_src in asm_srcs {
+    let asm_src = asm_src.expect("failed to get asm source");
+    
+    let ty = asm_src.file_type().expect("failed to get file type");
+    if !ty.is_file() {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    let src_path = asm_src.path();
+
+    let is_asm = src_path
+      .extension()
+      .map(|ext| ext == "s")
+      .unwrap_or(false);
+    if !is_asm {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    let out_filename = src_path
+      .file_name()
+      .unwrap()
+      .apply(PathBuf::from)
+      .with_extension("o");
+    let out_path = out_dir.join(out_filename);
+
     nasm.assemble(
-    &prelude_obj_path,
+      &out_path,
-    &["asm/prelude.s".as_ref()],
+      &[&src_path],
-    &["../include".as_ref()],
+      &["../include".as_ref()]
-  ).unwrap();
+    ).expect("failed to assemble");
-  link_obj(&prelude_obj_path);
+
+    link_obj(&out_path);
+  }
 }
 
 struct Nasm {
@@ -165,3 +194,20 @@ enum CmdErrorKind {
   Status(process::Output),
 }
 
+trait Apply: Sized {
+  fn apply<T, F>(self, f: F) -> T
+  where
+    F: FnOnce(Self) -> T;
+}
+
+impl<U> Apply for U
+where
+  U: Sized,
+{
+  fn apply<T, F>(self, f: F) -> T
+  where
+    F: FnOnce(Self) -> T
+  {
+    f(self)
+  }
+}

boot1/src/main.rs

@@ -8,35 +8,31 @@ const VGA_HEIGHT: usize = 25;
 const VGA_SIZE: usize = VGA_WIDTH * VGA_HEIGHT;
 const VGA_ADDR: usize = 0xb8000;
 
-const STR: &[u8] = b"the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
+const STR: &[u8] = b"sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow";
 
-// extern "C" {
+#[repr(C)]
-//   fn prelude() -> !;
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-// }
+struct BiosIntr {
+  eax: u32,
+  ebx: u32,
+  ecx: u32,
+  edx: u32,
+  esi: u32,
+  edi: u32,
+  ds: u16,
+  es: u16,
+  eflags: u32,
+}
+
+unsafe extern "C" {
+  unsafe fn bios_call(intr: u32, args: *mut BiosIntr);
+}
 
 #[panic_handler]
 fn panic(_info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
   hlt()
 }
 
-// ```asm
-// 00000000  E800000000        call 0x5      ; call / pop gadget to load eip into ecx
-// 00000005  59                pop ecx
-// 00000006  81C15F000000      add ecx,0x5f
-// 0000000C  31C0              xor eax,eax
-// 0000000E  8D89D4FFFFFF      lea ecx,[ecx-0x2c]      ; length of string is 0x2b
-// 00000014  0FB611            movzx edx,byte [ecx]
-// 00000017  81CA001F0000      or edx,0x1f00
-// 0000001D  6689940000800B00  mov [eax+eax+0xb8000],dx
-// 00000025  40                inc eax
-// 00000026  41                inc ecx
-// 00000027  83F82B            cmp eax,byte +0x2b
-// 0000002A  75E8              jnz 0x14
-// 0000002C  66C70500800B0002  mov word [dword 0xb8000],0x1f02
-//          -1F
-// 00000035  F4                hlt
-// 00000036  EBFD              jmp short 0x35
-// ```
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "C" fn _start() -> ! {
   let vga_buf: &'static mut [u16; VGA_SIZE] = unsafe { &mut *(VGA_ADDR as *mut [u16; VGA_SIZE]) };
@@ -45,6 +41,26 @@ pub extern "C" fn _start() -> ! {
     vga_buf[i] = 0x1f00 | u16::from(b);
   }
 
+  let mut args = BiosIntr {
+    eax: 0xe820,
+    ebx: 0,
+    ecx: 24,
+    edx: 0x534d4150,
+    esi: 0,
+    edi: 0x6a00,
+    ds: 0,
+    es: 0,
+    eflags: 0,
+  };
+
+  unsafe {
+    bios_call(0x15, &raw mut args);
+  }
+
+  for (i, b) in STR.iter().copied().enumerate() {
+    vga_buf[i + VGA_WIDTH] = 0x1f00 | u16::from(b);
+  }
+
   hlt()
 }
 

include/defines.s

@@ -19,20 +19,6 @@
 %define VGA_WIDTH  80
 %define VGA_HEIGHT 25
 
-%define INTEL_8042_IO_DATA   0x60
-%define INTEL_8042_IN_STATUS 0x64
-%define INTEL_8042_OUT_CMD   0x64
-
-%define INTEL_8042_STATUS_BIT_OBUF 0
-%define INTEL_8042_STATUS_BIT_IBUF 1
-%define INTEL_8042_STATUS_MASK_OBUF (1 << INTEL_8042_STATUS_BIT_OBUF)
-%define INTEL_8042_STATUS_MASK_IBUF (1 << INTEL_8042_STATUS_BIT_IBUF)
-
-%define INTEL_8042_CMD_PS2_1_DISABLE             0xad
-%define INTEL_8042_CMD_PS2_1_ENABLE              0xae
-%define INTEL_8042_CMD_CONTROLLER_OUT_PORT_READ  0xd0
-%define INTEL_8042_CMD_CONTROLLER_OUT_PORT_WRITE 0xd1
-
 ; ASCII string "SMAP", which is used by e820 as a magic number argument and return value.
 %define E820_MAGIC 0x534d4150
 ; Size of entry returned by e820. This is less than MEMMAP_ENT_SIZE because we add some fields of

include/ps2.s

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+%ifndef BOOT_PS2_H
+%define BOOT_PS2_H
+
+%define INTEL_8042_IO_DATA                        0x60
+%define INTEL_8042_IN_STATUS                      0x64
+%define INTEL_8042_OUT_CMD                        0x64
+
+%define INTEL_8042_STATUS_BIT_OBUF                0
+%define INTEL_8042_STATUS_BIT_IBUF                1
+%define INTEL_8042_STATUS_MASK_OBUF               (1 << INTEL_8042_STATUS_BIT_OBUF)
+%define INTEL_8042_STATUS_MASK_IBUF               (1 << INTEL_8042_STATUS_BIT_IBUF)
+
+%define INTEL_8042_CMD_PS2_1_DISABLE              0xad
+%define INTEL_8042_CMD_PS2_1_ENABLE               0xae
+%define INTEL_8042_CMD_CONTROLLER_OUT_PORT_READ   0xd0
+%define INTEL_8042_CMD_CONTROLLER_OUT_PORT_WRITE  0xd1
+
+%endif